Plaisance-sur-Gartempe (Vienne)
The façade of this fine church feature figures which condemn various
practices and behaviours.
On the corbel-table an ass plays the harp,
rote or lyre
(illustrating the sin of inappropriate ambition - for the harp was King David's
instrument) ,
while, below, a dancer raises her skirt suggestively.
Another ass playing harp,
rote or lyre on a capital at Brioude
(Haute-Loire).
photo © Emmanuel
Pierre
Other corbels include (to the left of the donkey) a devil or baboon-faced
goat, an anal-exhbitionist contortionist,
and a fine sow or boar.
The ass-and-harp motif goes back several thousand years to Sumeria.
Note the bull-head on the sound-box of the harp.
The attack on entertainers of all kinds: musicians, acrobats, jongleurs
and circus people - and all who performed
acts "against nature" was widespread.
The corbel-tables below are at Bolmir and Cillamayor in Cantabria.
Certain instruments (mostly the quieter ones: harp, monochord, psaltery,
regal, portative organ, hand-bells, pan-pipes, etc.)
were sometimes considered suitable for 'sacred' music in churches,
while loud ones (cymbals, drums, bombard, trumpet, crumhorn, hurdy-gurdy,
etc.) were considered 'profane'.
This attitude prevailed right into the twentieth century, and indeed became
more extreme after the Reformation,
when only organs - or indeed no musical instruments at all - were permitted
in many Protestant churches.
A Cyclops playing pan-pipes, Iguérande (Saône-et-Loire) : the unnatural playing the unacceptable.